“opinion” Peter Lombard, author of the medieval textbook, summed up the Augustinian heritage on grace by identifying grace with charity and both grace and charity with the Holy Spirit. All grace is the “uncreated grace” of the Spirit. New questions, however, continued to arise. One of them was concerned with the issue of grace and infant baptism. The Augustinian categories were most useful for exploring the divine efficacy in the justification and the sanctification of adults, but the “actualism”